INTRODUCTION

Crested Geckos (Correlophus ciliatus, formerly Rhacodactylus ciliatus) are semi-arboreal reptiles originating from New Caledonia in the south-east Pacific, approximately 1500 km from Australia and 2000 km from New Zealand. They occupy tropical rainforest habitats across three main populations: one on the Isle of Pines and two on Grand Terre. In the southeastern part of Grand Terre, the terrain is divided by a high mountainous ridge, creating distinct microclimates that influence both temperature and soil conditions. Temperatures in their natural habitat range from 11.1–27.8 °C, with annual rainfall reaching up to 400 cm. By day, they typically remain close to the ground, and at night they become active in shrubs and the lower canopy—rarely climbing beyond 2–3 m (Animal Diversity Web).

In captivity, particularly in the UK and Europe, seasonal temperature cycles often differ from their natural environment, where cooler periods occur during June–August and warmer conditions between November–April.

Once thought extinct, Crested Geckos were rediscovered in 1994 after a tropical storm. Continued field research revealed healthy populations across Grand Terre and the Isle of Pines. Due to extensive captive breeding, the global captive population now appears greater than that of the wild. Threats in their native habitat include habitat degradation and invasive species such as the Fire Ant (Wassmania auropunctata).

Crested Geckos are adept climbers, thanks to the lamellae on their toes that create Van der Waals forces, allowing vertical movement on smooth surfaces. They also possess a prehensile tail, although tail loss through autotomy is common, and unlike many geckos, the tail generally does not regenerate. Adults typically measure 20–25 cm including the tail, or 10–13 cm snout-vent length, and weigh 35–55 g. Males have prominent hemipenal bulges and larger cloacal spurs than females. Captive lifespan is commonly 15–20 years.

Widespread captive breeding has resulted in a variety of colour and pattern morphs, now readily available from reputable breeders.

HUSBANDRY

TERRARIUM

As semi-arboreal geckos, Crested Geckos thrive in vertically oriented terrariums. A commonly used size for an adult is 45 × 45 × 60 cm. Good ventilation is essential, and glass enclosures with mesh tops provide a suitable microclimate.

Natural or artificial plants may be used to provide cover and security during daytime resting periods. Broad-leafed species such as Ficus benjamina, Dracaena, Pothos aureus or Scindapsus are frequently used. Branches, bamboo, vines, and cork bark pieces should be arranged to create elevated pathways and increase the usable three-dimensional space.

Substrates should retain moisture while supporting the required humidity level. Common choices include coconut fibre, tropical soil mixes, or bioactive substrates with springtails and isopods. Bioactive setups encourage natural digging behaviour, improve humidity control, and provide ideal nesting sites for egg-laying females.

LIGHTING

Daytime lighting should include a full-spectrum output, including UV-A and UV-B. Although Crested Geckos are nocturnal and may not be observed basking, UV exposure can still support physiological function. Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 is often required; therefore UV-B is recommended to support calcium metabolism and reduce the risk of metabolic bone disease, which continues to be a common clinical presentation.

UV-A contributes to behavioural wellbeing, as reptiles perceive colour in the UVA spectrum. A 12-hour photoperiod is advised, with a reduction to 10 hours during the cooler season. As in natural conditions, lighting cycle changes should correspond to temperature adjustments.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

Daytime temperatures should remain between 25.5–28 °C, with a night-time drop to 21–25 °C. During the cooler months, a reduction of 3–5 °C is acceptable. A gentle temperature gradient must be provided to allow behavioural thermoregulation. Sick or stressed geckos may alter their selection of warmer or cooler areas, so regular temperature monitoring is essential.

Humidity should be maintained between 60–80%, typically achieved through daily misting or automated nebulisation. Excess humidity without ventilation leads to condensation and may predispose the gecko to respiratory issues, so a ventilated mesh top is strongly recommended.

Thermometers and hygrometers should be used to monitor environmental parameters accurately.

DIET, SUPPLEMENTATION AND WATER

Crested Geckos are omnivores that feed on fruits, nectars, and insects. In captivity they should receive a varied diet consisting of mashed fruits (e.g., peach, mango, nectarine, pear) and live insects such as crickets or fruit flies. All insects must be gut-loaded using vegetables or commercial insect feeds.

Commercially prepared diets (e.g., Repashy, Pangea) containing fruit, nectar, and balanced nutrients are widely used and provide convenience and consistency. Feeding frequency is 3–4 times per week.

Supplementation with calcium carbonate and a multivitamin is strongly advised—particularly for females undergoing vitellogenesis. A typical protocol is:

Dust insects with calcium at 2 out of 3 feedings

Dust with a multivitamin containing D3 at 1 out of 3 feedings

Crested Geckos commonly drink from water droplets created during misting. Regular wiping of enclosure glass and removal of faecal matter is therefore important to prevent accidental ingestion of contaminated water.

BREEDING

Sexing becomes reliable from around six months of age. Males display hemipenal bulges and more prominent preanal pores. Males are typically fertile from 9–12 months and females from around 12 months; however, females should ideally weigh 40 g or more and be over 18 months old prior to breeding.

Females may store sperm and can produce several fertile clutches without further mating. Typical clutch size is two eggs, laid approximately 30–40 days after mating. During the breeding season, females may lay eggs monthly for 8–10 months.

Females dig 7–10 cm into the substrate to deposit eggs. These can be incubated at 23–29 °C, with hatching occurring after 60–100 days, dependent on temperature.

Hatchlings should be moved to separate enclosures—often small terrariums or tubs with moist paper towels or fine substrate. They usually shed within 24 hours and begin feeding shortly thereafter. Temperature and humidity monitoring in these juvenile setups is essential.

PREVENTIVE CARE

Routine parasite testing every 6–12 months is strongly recommended, as gastrointestinal protozoa and nematodes are common findings in captive Crested Geckos.

Monitoring body condition, calcium sacs (particularly in breeding females), shedding quality, and environmental parameters forms the basis of effective preventative care.